Cytokine Cascades & Chronic Illness

Cytokine Cascades & Chronic Illness

If you have a chronic illness, then you have cytokine cascades behind many of your symptoms. Cytokine cascades & chronic illness are closely intertwined, and learning how to manage these cascades of inflammation can help to reduce many symptoms.

There’s currently a lot of talk in the media about cytokine storms. The novel pathogen that we’re dealing with is said to cause a cytokine storm in those who develop a serious illness and understandably many are worried. However, I believe my job is to stay firmly in my own lane, and I’m neither a doctor nor a virologist. What I am, however, is someone who’s largely recovered from Lyme Disease and has amassed a great deal of knowledge in the process. So what we’re going to take a look at in this post is how to treat a cytokine storm in chronic Illness.

What’s the difference between a cytokine storm & a cytokine cascade?

Essentially, nothing. Storm is often used to denote a cytokine cascade that has become so out of control that the individual is at real risk. 

The disease mechanics of Lyme & other chronic illnesses means that a cytokine cascade will rarely, if ever, become so serious as to cause a fatality. This is why we should all be extremely careful with this novel pathogen. This acute illness is far more aggressive than the onset of Lyme, and sadly it is causing many deaths.

There is another difference between the cytokine cascades found in this novel coronavirus and Lyme. The coronavirus specifically attacks the cells in the lungs. Lyme bacteria has a special preference for collagenous tissues. However, the three herbs in this article are broad spectrum and I personally chose to take them whilst suffering with suspected covid-19. Please be aware that this post is not a substitute for medical advice. Please also ensure that if you have symptoms of covid-19 that you are isolating and following the relevant guidance.

In early March I developed a dry cough and a temperature. I documented my symptoms on a daily basis so that others in the chronic illness community could see how someone with immune problems coped. Head on over to @sarahbeatslyme to see my daily updates.

Cytokines: What Are They?

Simply put, cytokines are substances which are secreted by certain cells of the immune system that have an effect on other cells. Their main purpose is to act as a sort of signaller, which tells other cells what to do. They are an incredibly important part of the immune system and when they are all balanced they work perfectly to support your body and your immune response. The problem arises when they become unbalanced. What results is something known as a cytokine cascade, or a cytokine storm. This is essentially where inflammation starts to run amok, having a widespread effect on the entire body.

Cytokine Cascades & Chronic Illness: Lyme

Did you know that a herx reaction is a perfect example of a cytokine storm? It’s a chain reaction of inflammation that is triggered by the endotoxins released when a great number of spirochetes die. Only when your body has detoxed all of this substance do the cytokines reduce, relieving the herx. 

However, cytokines are not only affected during a herx reaction. The spirochetes that cause Lyme interfere with our own cytokine producing cells as well as secreting their own cytokines on an ongoing basis. This is part of the initial disease dynamic. The result is that our own inflammatory response is ‘hijacked’ and the spirochetes stimulate the release of various cytokines, which can be at least ten times higher than in healthy individuals. This causes the ongoing inflammation behind virtually all Lyme symptoms. It is also responsible for triggering off secondary autoimmune disorders. Our immune system simply becomes overwhelmed and out of control.

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How to Manage Cytokine Cascades

Managing inflammation always needs to be a multi-pronged approach. There is no pill or potion that will eliminate inflammation. This is where reliance on modern medicine can dupe us into taking an ever increasing number of pills – we’re taught that medicine should be quick, easy and deliver fast results. The truth is that most pills only suppress symptoms. Holistic medicine seeks to correct the imbalance leading to the symptoms.

Insomnia as an example

Let’s use insomnia as an example. Modern medicine would prescribe pharmaceutical sleep aids which force you to sleep. However, they’re often addictive and as soon as you stop taking them, the insomnia returns. They can also have some pretty serious side effects.

Holistic treatment would use herbs which act as mild sedatives and nervous system tonics, but you would also be encouraged adjust your diet, improve your sleep hygiene and address any emotional or psychological issues preventing you from getting good sleep.

Herbs to Treat Cytokine Storms

When you’re looking to treat inflammation, it helps to understand a little more about the process behind cytokine cascades & chronic illness. Cytokines each have specific names and well understood actions. There is also a strong body of clinical evidence showing that various herbs affect these cytokines and the ‘triggers’ we are trying to manage.

Furthermore, we know two things: 1) Lyme spirochetes create cytokines themselves and 2) they stimulate our own cytokine responses. 

This begins as soon as the bacteria has passed the early disseminated phase and has attached to the endothelial cells in our blood vessels. The spirochetes begin breaking down our collagenous tissues and releasing cytokines and waste products which stimulate our own inflammatory response.

cytokine cascades cause inflammation

This causes the cascade where the first cytokine stimulates the second, and the second stimulates the third, and so on. In order to try to mitigate this and treat a cytokine storm we attempt to interrupt the very beginning of the process.

One of the very first substances released is something called NF-kB. This is extremely inflammatory and when our own bodies utilise it, it always comes packaged up with substances known as IkB. IkB inhibits and modulates the extremely inflammatory action of NF-kB, meaning it can’t get out of hand. 

Think of NF-kB as a big, aggressive dog who’s not well trained. IkB is the responsible owner who knows how to keep the dog under control. The owner uses a muzzle, leash and keeps the dog away from others. What Lyme Disease does is remove the responsible owner, leaving that dog to run wild.

In the case of Lyme Disease cytokine cascades, the NF-kB (the big dog) then go on to wreak havok in our bodies, setting off a chain reaction of inflammation. This is especially potent during a herx reaction, but happens to a lesser degree on an ongoing basis.

One of the first things we want to do is to inhibit NF-kB (the big dog) whilst our Ikb (the owner) isn’t performing very well. This can mitigate and reduce the rest of the chain. The good news is that there are three herbs especially good at helping to get that big dog under control.

treat cytokine cascade

These are not the only three herbs useful when you wish to treat a cytokine storm. However, these three seem to be tolerated well by most. Importantly, these herbs do not have an antimicrobial effect, meaning that they will not induce a herx. This is important when you’re trying to reduce or manage a herx.

A note on other chronic illnesses: cytokine cascades are involved in many other chronic illnesses, especially autoimmune disorders. These herbs can help there, too!

Cytokine Cascades & Chronic Illness

Cytokine Soother

This tincture blend is a simple, inexpensive and easy way to help combat cytokine cascades in Lyme and other chronic illnesses.
Prep Time5 mins
Course: Herbal Medicine
Keyword: cytokine soother, herbal medicine, inflammation

Equipment

  • 100ml Dropper Bottle (ideally amber/blue glass)
  • Funnel

Ingredients

  • 30 ml kudzu (pueraria lobata) 1:3 strength
  • 30 ml red sage (salvia miltiorrhiza) 1:3 strength
  • 30 ml chinese skullcap (scutellaria baicalensis) 1:3 strength

Instructions

  • Pour all three tinctures into the dropper bottle. Give it a gentle shake.
  • Take between 2ml-5ml per day, depending on the severity of your symptoms. When dealing with an additional illness, such as cold & flu, take the maximum dose until the infection has been cleared.

Final Thoughts

It’s important to remember that during a Lyme infection the spirochetes will utilise many means to generate the desired cytokine cascade. During late, active infection it would be difficult to reduce cytokine levels to that of a healthy person. However, this herbal blend has been absolutely key to how I’ve managed my symptoms and kept on top of herxing.

It’s simple, it’s cheap and it’s easy. You don’t need a practitioner to administer it and you don’t need to pay extortionate fees. It’s worth a go!

Have you tried these herbs before? And if not, how do you manage inflammation? Let me know in the comments below!

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Lyme Disease Supplements

Top 10 Lyme Disease Supplements

This post may contain affiliate links, which means we may earn a commission if you make a purchase through our links.

Lyme Disease supplements play an important role in a treatment approach. A successful protocol will reduce inflammation, rebuild & support what Lyme has damaged, kill bacteria and aid detox. The right supplements play a role in all of those, apart from killing bacteria.

The issue I frequently run into is the mindset that the right supplement will relieve a symptom, fix a problem or make treatment more successful. This couldn’t be farther from the truth. In the west we are conditioned to believe that a pill will solve all our problems, but this is a relatively new way of thinking. In Western folk medicine,  and Eastern systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda, practitioners have long understood that illness arises out of imbalances in the body. Treatment aims to re-balance the body and empower it to heal itself. 

My Approach to Lyme Treatment

My view is that healing from Lyme Disease involves so much more than simply killing bacteria. As such, supplements play an important role in a successful protocol. However, without the other elements like lifestyle, diet and health habits, you may find yourself fighting an uphill battle.

Let’s take a look at probiotics as an example. Probiotics can play a vital role in maintaining healthy gut flora, but if you continue to live off McDonald’s and Coca-Cola and not feed your body what it needs, that probiotic pill becomes pretty useless, pretty fast!

With that said, let’s take a look at the Top 10 Supplements for Lyme Disease.

My Top 10 Supplements for Lyme Treatment

One of the most debilitating symptoms of Lyme Disease can be fatigue. Fatigue can often prevent us from doing those things that would be so helpful for our recovery, if only we had the energy to do it!

Siberian Ginseng is a herb, most often found in tincture form, which is exceptionally good at reducing fatigue. In high doses (1:1 or 1:2 tinctures) it tends to act as an immune stimulant. In cases of severe fatigue this can be extremely useful, although once you overcome the initial fatigue, switching to a lower, tonic dose of 1:5 is recommended.

Note: You shouldn’t take Siberian Ginseng if you have high blood pressure, as it has a hypertensive action. 

Milk Thistle has long been used as a liver tonic, and is widely recognised as being the most effective liver tonic available. It works to support the detoxification pathways that are compromised in chronic Lyme.

Whilst many choose to take the dry herb, it’s widely accepted that a standardised extract is more useful. This is to ensure that you know how much of the important compound you’re getting – which is called silibinin.

Curcumin  is a powerful anti-inflammatory which acts throughout the body. Multiple peer-reviewed studies have found this compound to be more effective that anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of arthritis. Most Curcumin supplements are combined with Black Pepper which aids absorption. 

Reducing inflammation should be the first step in any successful Lyme Disease protocol, and I cover this off in more detail here.

Research is showing that gut health is more important than we’ve ever given it credit for. Did you know that around 70% of the body’s serotonin is made in the gut, not the brain? Serotonin deficiency is thought to be a key reason for depression, and anti-depressants aim to fix this balance. Wouldn’t it be wonderful if there were an alternative to hard hitting pharmaceuticals? After all, depression can be an all-too-common part of chronic illness.

Additionally, the gut plays a much larger role in overall immunity than previously thought. Allowing beneficial bacteria to flourish is key to that. Our western diet is lacking whole, plant based nutrition  but full of sugary, processed foods. Taking a high quality probiotic can go a short way, but combining this with a dietary overhaul will help to rebalance your gut.

Alpha Lipoic Acid – an often overlooked addition to a Lyme Disease protocol. ALA is a fatty acid which is naturally produced by our cells, but this production decreases with age and illness.

ALA plays a vital role in converting glucose into energy, and as such it shouldn’t be overlooked by anyone suffering with fatigue. It’s also a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. As such it can be incredibly useful when experiencing a herxheimer reaction.

Chinese skullcap is a potent synergist, which means that it enhances the action of other herbs. It is also a powerful cytokine inhibitor, so it reduces inflammation in the body. This is an excellent supplement for Lyme Disease due to its broad anti-inflammatory effect.

Note: Due to its ability to enhance the effect of other herbs and medications, you should consult with your GP if you are taking other medication or avoid use of this herb.

Also known as Pueraria lobata, Kudzo is another powerful cytokine inhibitor, except it is specifically indicated for protecting the cells of the Central Nervous System. It’s an essential addition for anyone with a neurological presentation of Lyme like twitching, pins & needles, headaches and numbness.

Note: This herb cannot be taken with methotrexate, which is a common treatment for autoimmune conditions such as lupus or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Red Sage is also called Salvia miltiorrhiza. It is a cytokine modulator, so instead of inhibiting cytokines, like Chinese skullcap and Kudzo, it normalises them. When cytokine production is too high, it lowers it. When production is too low, it increases it. Pairing this herb with the previous two is a good idea, to ensure that all bases are covered.

Aside from this, red sage is also strongly protective of the spleen, whilst enhancing the spleen’s immune function. This is especially important for co-infections, like Bartonella, which have a direct negative impact on the spleen.

Magnesium has many wonderful benefits for those with Lyme. It can either be taken as an oral supplement or applied topically. There is a lot of evidence to suggest that magnesium is absorbed much more readily via the skin.

Magnesium deficiency is a common ailment, even in those without Lyme. Its symptoms include muscle twitches, cramps, muscle fatigue, insomnia, anxiety & depression, high blood pressure and fatigue. 

The best way to supplement magnesium is to add 2 cups of Epsom salts to your bath. This had the added benefit of being a wonderful detox tool, as it will draw toxins out through the skin. If you’re unable to do this, then a magnesium oil spray is another brilliant method.

When supplementing magnesium transdermally (through the skin) you may experience an uncomfortable tingling sensation. This will subside and is thought to be a sign that you are indeed deficient in magnesium.

Note: When purchasing magnesium for transdermal absorption, you must ensure to buy a high quality product which contains only magnesium. Anything included in the product, like perfumes, preservatives and additives will also be readily absorbed by your skin. This can somewhat defeat the objective of detoxification!

Boneset tea – an acquired taste but one well worth acquiring. Originally used by the Native Americans to treat rheumatism, dropsy, dengue fever, malaria, pneumonia, and influenza, Boneset has many uses for those with Lyme.

It’s main action is as an antipyretic, which meas that it reduces fevers. This makes it especially useful for the co-infections Bartonella and Babesia. Drinking boneset tea throughout the day can help to alleviate many of these symptoms.

Do you take supplements for Lyme? If so I’d love to hear from you! Let me know in the comments below.